Sydenham’s chorea is the principal neurologic manifestation of rheumatic fever. It is a disease of childhood and adolescence. It affects female patients mainly. The three foremost characteristics of Sydenham’s chorea are choreic movements, emotional liability, and hypotonia. Antineuronal antibodies were detected in the sera of rheumatic chorea patients using immunofluorescence technique. During the period from September 2000 to August 2001, the present study was done on rheumatic chorea patients attending the Rheumatic fever clinic of the Pediatric Hospital, Cairo University. The aim of the study was to out line the magnitude of rheumatic fever problem in Egypt focusing on rheumatic chorea. The total number of rheumatic chorea cases was 221, the new cases were 46, and the follow-up cases were 175. Age of patients ranged from 3 years to 14 years. The mean age was 10.23 years. Females represented 65% of cases. 37% (17 cases) of Rheumatic chorea patients had associated RHD. 4.34% of cases were resistant to treatment with haloperidol. During the study, 15% (7 cases) of patients had rheumatic activities in the form of isolated rheumatic chorea. Patients living in urban areas of Giza, and those living in Cairo represent 50% of cases (23 cases). 11% of chorea patients included in the study show sensitivity to long acting penicillin. 19.5% of cases show absolute compliance, 39.2% show relative compliance, and 41.3% show poor compliance.