Background: While osteoporosis is a predictor of fractures, it is not the only determinant of fracture risk. Other risk factors include advanced age, altered bone quality, a personal or family history of falls, frailty, poor eyesight, debilitating diseases, and high bone turnover. A diet with sufficient calcium and vitamin D is important to minimize bone loss and, along with regular exercise, to maintain muscle strength (McClung,2003). Objective: is to characterize the BMD distribution by age in the femur, and spine among Egyptians, to compare reference ranges derived in other studies with our standard references, and to define the risk factors predisposing to fractures in the lower limb.Subjects: One hundred and forty nine subjects (125 females and 24 males) were included in the present work, they were divided into two groups: Group I: 104 subjects with history of fractures either osteoporotic or osteopenic (radiologically diagnosed by DEXA), and Group II: 45 subjects without history of fractures either osteoporotic or osteopenic or normal (radiologically diagnosed by DEXA). Methods: Data was collected via a structured Arabic questionnaire. All subjects were subjected to, full history taking, general examination, measurement of weight, height and body mass index. Bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine and hip was assessed in all subjects via radiological examination by DEXA. Results: The results of this study revealed, that osteoporosis is the most important risk factor for fractures. Duration since menopause appeared to be a risk factor of fractures with a highly significant statitistical difference between both groups (P<0.001). Irregularity of menstruation, white race, kyphosis, low calcium intake and diabetes mellitus are risk factors of fractures in this study. On the other hand the high blood calcium and occupation are protective factors against osteoporotic fractures.Conclusion: Subjects having osteoporosis with or without other risk factors have higher risk for fractures.Physical activity including occupation, high dietary calcium intake and vitamin D supplementation, as well as awareness about disease complications are considered factors leading to decreased risk of osteoporosis and fractures.