Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease that affects nearly 50% of persons above 65 years of age. The goals of Osteoarthritis therapy are to decrease pain, maintain or improve joint function and thus the quality of life.In this essay I reviewed and summarized the literature about the different etiological factors of this condition as well as the pathology, methods of diagnosis and various complications. Also, the various lines of management, whether rehabilitation, physical therapy, medications or surgical intervention. Gene therapy was of major interest.