The nail apparatus consists of: nail plate, nail folds, nail grooves, nail matrix, lunula and the nail bed.Many systemic diseases including : cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, collagen diseases, renal diseases, endocrinaldiseases and neoplasms, may affect the nails causing physical signsin the form of : changes in the nail plate, clubbing, koilonychias,pitting,onycholysis, splinter hemorrhages, nail colour changes, leukonychia, pterygium and changes in the lunula.