Recent studies show that VP shunting has become the initial procedure of choice when treating hydrocephalus, particularly in the neonate. Despite the proven effectiveness of ventriculoperitoneal shunts in treating hydrocephalus, complications continue to occur with distressing frequency. Shunt obstruction and infection were the common shunt complications. In attempting to improve cerebrospinal fluid shunting procedures and products, it is clear that multifactorial analysis will be necessary; to better understand the variables which potentially enhance or diminish shunt longevity. When changes in shunt design or placement technique are made to reduce the incidence of shunt failure, a reliable evaluation can be accomplished within two years at least; on the other hand postoperative studies of new shunt materials require a much longer follow up period to render an accurate assessment of their efficacy.