Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) may influence asthma by modulating airway inflammation and remodeling. The role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TGF-β1 in asthma remains inconclusive. We assessed TGF- β1 profile in a group of Egyptian infants and young children with recurrent wheezing through measurement of its plasma level and screening for TGF- β1 promoter polymorphism with special emphasis on the relation of measured parameters to different clinical (age of onset, severity, duration) and laboratory data (IgE- peripheral blood esinophil count). Thirty eight wheezy children aged 8m to 4.75yr (3.3yr±0.98) and a matched control group of thirty five children were recruited for the present study. Results revealed that the plasma level of TGF-β1 was higher in cases than controls (mean level 3.32 ng/ml ±2.03; p=0.004). Genotype analysis of patients and controls, showed a statistical significant difference in the expression of the homozygous mutant type TT (p=0.043). The correlation of the different genotypes to the serum level of TGF-β1, revealed a statistically significant increase in its level in the homozygous mutant variant TT (p= 0.006) as compared to the wild CC genotype. In conclusion, children with the TGF-β1- 509 TT genotype were at greater risk of wheezing and asthma, (odds ratio 10.8, 95%CI 0.92-11.6; p=0.04).