Introduction: To date, there is little information in the literature about changing menstrual patterns, sexuality, and fertility after kidney transplantation. Aim: To prospectively determine the effect of renal transplantation for end stage renal disease (ESRD) on female sexual function and relationship to sociodemographic and clinical variables.Methods: We enrolled 100 women, 50 as control group and 50 patients that received kidney transplantation. Patients included were 18–45 years old, on hemodialysis for 12.71±5.62 months following fully functioning kidney transplantation, and on stable corticosteroids immunosuppressive regimen. Demographic data was obtaining from all patients and asked to fill out the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).Main Outcome Measures: We evaluated the prevalence of Female Sexual Dysfunction according to the FSFI cutoff points, pregnancy, and menstrual status after kidney transplantation.Result: The result of current study summarized as following: there was a significant decrease in score of total female sexual function score and all domain that include desire, arousal, orgasm and vaginal lubrication except pain (P=0.49) in comparison between renal transplant (Tx) and control women. There was a decrease in full FSFI score as the duration of dialysis increased.Conclusion: We found that restrictions in the lives of women with transplanted kidneys included ceasing sexual activity and leaving active working life and these were due to fear of possible organ damage, although Tx is the most effective way and best choice of renal replacement therapy (RRT) to retain good sexual function in women, Women with transplanted kidneys must be informed about posttransplant sex life and the requirement for regular examinations by a gynecologist. Hence, close collaborations should be formed between patients, andrologists and gynecologists.