Changes in the aging brain had become of great interest because ofthe marked increase in the number of elderly people. There are gender differences in age-related cognitive changes, however, and the factors that contribute to this variability have not been well-characterized. Recent evidences suggest that age-related alterations in the endocrine environment may modulate cognitive functioning. This wok aims at investigating the gender differences in cognitive functions in community dwelling elderly men and women, and to find out the relation between the estradiol and testosterone plasma levels and changes in certain cognitivefunctions. The sample of the study consisted of 100 community-dwelling elderly individuals divided into two groups (50 females and 50 males). A comparison between male and females using: CAMCOG, WMS-R, TMT, SDMT, in addition to the hormonal levels of testosterone and estradiol. Males performed better on Language Comprehension Motor, Visual recognition, Retrieval of Remote Information, Ideomotor Praxis, and Abstract Thinking. Females were better on the Verbal Fluency, Verbal Memory Recall, Attention, and Object Constancy. Testosterone level in males was positively correlated with Visual Memory and Praxis, while infemale it was negatively correlated with Verbal Fluency, LanguageExpression, and Attention. Estradiol in females had positive correlation with Verbal Fluency, Abstract thinking, and Object Constancy, while in male it had positive correlation with the Visual Memory.