Background: Measurement of the lower uterine segment (LUS) thickness byultrasound at term has the potential to be used as a tool for predicting scardehiscence and uterine rupture. The rise in the cesarean section (C.S.) rate hasbecome a challenge to the obstetrician as many obstetric complications aregetting more common due to increased percentage of obstetric population withprevious C.S. including uterine rupture. Aim of the Work: The aim of this studyis to investigate the accuracy and utilization of ultrasound to assess the thicknessof the lower uterine segment as a method of detection of uterine scar dehiscencein pregnant women at term with previous C.S. Patients and Methods Totalnumber of patients enrolled in this study was 50 patients. Study group A (n=25)who have history of one or two previous C.S and control group B (n=25) whohave history of up to 3 normal vaginal deliveries. All included women werepregnant at 37 to 40 weeks gestation and indicated for elective C.S.Ultrasound measurement of the full LUS thickness and myometrial layerthickness was done transabdominally. At time of surgery, the lower uterinesegment was visually inspected by the surgeon for signs of dehiscence.According to grading system developed by Qureshi et al., 1997. Results: Thisstudy showed that the full LUS thickness and myometrial layer thicknessmeasured by U/S were significantly lower in the study group. Also bothmeasures were significantly lower in the patients who were detected to have thinuterine scar intraoperatively.Conclusion The lower uterine segment thickness measured sonographicallyis a good predictor of uterine scar dehiscence in pregnant women at term withprevious Caesarean section.