Inflammation is part of the non-specific immune response that occurs in reaction to any type of bodily injury and that the cardinal signs of inflammation can be explained by increased blood flow, elevated cellular metabolism, vasodilatation, release of soluble mediators, extravasation of fluids and cellular influx. In some disorders the inflammatory process, which under normal conditions is self-limiting, becomes continuous and chronic inflammatory disease Inflammation has very specific characteristics, whether acute or chronic, and the innate immune system plays a pivotal role, as it mediates the first response. Infiltration of innate immune system cells, specifically neutrophils and macrophages, characterizes the acute inflammation, while infiltration of T lymphocytes and plasma cells are features of chronic inflammation. Monocytes/macrophages play a central role in both, contributing to the final consequence of chronic inflammation which is represented by the loss of tissue function due to fibrosis develops subsequently.Timely identification and localization of infectious and inflammatory process are of critical importance in the treatment of patients presenting with suspicion of infection and inflammation. Whilst other radiological techniques (CT, MRI, US) are used for the localization of infectious foci, they rely merely on anatomical changes. Therefore, there has to be a reasonable elapse of time before the infection is diagnosed. In contrast, scintigraphic detection of infection and inflammation is a non-invasive method of whole-body scanning based on functional tissue changes. Several radiopharmaceuticals are currently employed for the scintigraphic imaging of infection and inflammation.