Ovulation induction remains a milestone in the treatment of women with anovulatory infertility clomiphene citrate (CC) is considered the first line treatment for induction of ovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) while it may be used for ovulation induction in unexplained infertility. Aromatase inhibitors (AI) have been introduced as a new treatment option that could challenge CC for ovulation induction. A systematic review of the literature was conducted in order to highlight the efficacy and safety of AI in female infertility. Current data from randomized and non-randomized trials suggest that AI may have a role in ovulation induction regimens in PCOS patients as well as for ovarian stimulation, since they achieve comparable clinical pregnancy rates to CC.Furthermore, when combined with gonadotrophin, AI improve the ovarian response of poor responders and reduce the gonadotrophin dose required. If solid data from future large adequately powered randomized trials support current evidence regarding efficacy and safety. AI might offer a new treatment choice for infertile women (Nikolas et al., 2008).