The aim of this work was to assess the phonological profile in children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) in order to plan an effective intervention program and to avoid further literacy problems in these children. An Arabic Phonological Assessment Battery was designed in this study to assess the all phonological abilities (phonological production, phonological awareness and phonological representation). This battery was applied on 100 children with SLI and 100 normal children matched for age and gender. Results of comparisons between both groups revealed that SLI children showed significantly lower performance in all measures of phonological abilities compared to their controls. Furthermore the correlation studies which were carried out in this study between different measures of phonological abilities in SLI children showed that there was a significant correlation between phonological production, phonological awareness and phonological representation abilities. Children with SLI have poor phonological representation which results in poor phonological production and poor phonological awareness.