Although the exact magnitude of the problem of neonatal morbidity and mortality has not yet been properly identified, a common finding was that the problem is more serious in Upper Egypt particularly rural areas. Neonatal Tetanus, which represents a genuine challenge to all the elimination efforts, merits particular attention. OBJECTIVES:Assessment of the incidence, distribution and underlying factors of perinatal and neonatal mortality, as well as the different neonatal morbidities in the selected areas.RESULTSA total of 459 births occurring during a 6 month period in 2 randomly selected villages from Beni-Sueif governorate were followed up during their first 28 days of life, and any morbidity or mortality was recorded and investigated. Five still births were encountered (1.09%) and 2 neonatal deaths have been detected (0.44%) one was due to neonatal tetanus and the other was due to neonatal sepsis.As regards morbidity problems encountered, infections occupied the top of the list with oral moniliasis, napkin dermatitis and/or skin infections showing the highest incidence (24.62% and 20.26% respectively) they were followed by acute respiratory tract infections and Gastro enteritis (19.61% and17.21% respectively). The incidence of neonatal tetanus among the study sample was 0.22%.Among the non-infectious problems, low birth weight was the most common morbidity occurring at an incidence of 10.02% followed by asphyxia neonatorum (6.54%). Congenital anomalies and birth trauma both occurred at an incidence of 1.31%. Maternal education and work status, paternal occupation, family social standard, birth weight and gestational period were significant determinants of morbidities and mortalities.