Haemodialysis patient suffering from Anemia and treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) need adequate iron supplementation. Uremia impairs the function of polymorph nuclear leukocytes (PMNL) which may be aggravated by intensive intravenous iron therapy leading to increased susceptibility to infections. In this study Phagocytosis and intracellular killing of neutrophils were assessed in healthy subjects compared with rhEPO and intravenous iron treated haemodialysis patients and with multitransfused haemodialysis patients. The results obtained from this work showed that there is a significant inhibition of PMNL functions in multitransfused haemodialysis patients, and a mild inhibition in patients with iron overload compared with healthy subjects. These data were suggestive of a direct inhibitory effect of iron overload on the Neutrophil functions.