Vitamin A deficiency is one of the most prevalent and important nutritional deficiencies among children of developing countries. This work aims to study the effect of postpartum vitamin A supplementation (200,000 IU) on maternal serum retinol and growth, morbidity and mortality of their nursing infants during the first 6 month of life. Two groups of mothers (309) attending Met-Kadous rural health unit (Giza Governorate) for birth registration were studied for sociodemographic, pregnancy, obstetric and nutritional patterns. The first group (159) was supplemented with vitamin A while the second (150) was given placebo. The infants of the two groups (315) were followed up at 2nd, 4th and 6th months to study growth, morbidity and mortality (during the 1st year). Maternal serum retinol was measured by HPLC method at the 6th month postpartum. Results showed insignificant difference as regards sociodemographic, pregnancy, obstetric and dietary patterns in the two groups of mothers. Supplementation raised significantly maternal serum retinol but did not affect growth and deaths of infants. On the other hand vitamin A supplementation lowered significantly attacks and duration of diarrhoea, duration of AURI, fever, skin and eye diseases and oral moniliasis and ALRI admission days. The study emphasizes the role of postpartum vitamin A supplementation to control infant morbidity especially as regards diarrhoeal diseases.