The advent of molecular diagnostics has brought the promise of a specific test for prostate cancer, microRNA expression. Early studies of serum miRNA expression indicate that this new marker has a much greater degree of prostate cancer specificity than PSA testing. Our cohort of patients consisted of 20 recruited men aged 40-75 years with lower urinary tract symptoms scheduled for TRUS guided prostate biopsy [10 prostate cancer patients (group A) and 10 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (group B)] and control group(10 patients within the same age group with no LUTS