Anatomy of the posterior group of paranasal sinuses and their relations to neighpouring structures is of paramount importance for the otolaryngologist working in this region. The endoscopic era of otolaryngology, helped by the development of computed tomography, this work studied the detailed anatomy of the optic nerve which is the most important structure related to these sinuses and also studied the anatomical variations in this area and the different tomographic modalities beneficial to this area and the types of trauma, direct or indirect, possible sites of injury during sinuses surgery.This work also studied the infections and tumours in the posterior group of paranasal sinuses affecting the optic nerve.Finally this work studied the first aid management and the definitive treatment of optic neuropathy.