This essay concentrates on specific nutrients which are known to have a major impact on vision and the visual system: vitamin A , antioxidants and their proposed role in the prevention of age-related cataract and macular degeneration ; and nutritional optic neuropathies. In addition, this essay touches on nutritional treatments that have been suggested for several less common eye diseases. The diet is the source of many nutrients that include vitamins and minerals that can act as antioxidants and free radical scavenger that protect the eye against many diseases. Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of irreversible blindness .Dietary measures may be helpful, but this is not definitive. Many remain hopeful that a dietary intervention with increased consumption of antioxidant nutrients could become a primary prevention method for controlling oxidative damage that may lead to AMD.Xerophthalmia is a condition caused by vitamin A deficiency. In its mild form it is confind to the conjunctiva, but when it spreads to the cornea there is danger of corneal ulceration and a permanent defect on vision. Age-related cataract is the leading cause of blindness in the world today. There is naturally much interest in the prevention of cataract as an alternative to surgery .The lens is subjected to oxidative stress and damage by free radicals that lead to cataract formation. In vitro and animal research has suggested that antioxidant substances in the diet, particularly vitamins A, C and E, may play a protective role in preventing such damage, and are associated with reduced risk of senile cataract. Orbital fibroblast proliferation is considered a key pathogenic element in the development of Graves’ ophthalmopathy which lead to the production of glycosaminoglycans that, because of their hydrophilic nature , are responsible for fluid accumulation and edema in the orbit .This result in various clinical manifestations of the disease.Oxygen free radicals have been incriminated in the pathogenesis of Graves’ ophthalmopathy through stimulation of proliferation of fibrobasts. Antioxidant agents act in Graves’ ophthalmopathy through the prevention of the effects of oxygen free radicals on orbital fibroblasts. Free oxygen radicals have an important role in the initiation and perpetuation of inflammation associated with experimental uveitis. Several antioxidants and scavengers of free radicals were shown to act as anti-inflammatory agents and protect the eye from inflammation- mediated tissue damage. The dramatic decline in new cases of optic neuropathy after nationwide supplementation with B-complex vitamins and vitamin A was instituted in 1993 seems to suggest a critical etiologic role for a nutritional deficiency in optic neuropathy.