Anisomyopia of more than 2 diopters may result in amblyopia. The prevalence of amblyopia of in myopes with 6.0 diopters ofuncorrected anisometropia 100%.New techniques for preschool vision screening have becomeincreasingly popular which allow early detection of childrenanisometropic amblyopia. The earlier detection and treatment ofanisometropia may reduce or prevent amblyopia.Traditional therapy for anisometropia includes refractive correction with spectacles or contact lenses, minimization of aniseikonia with contact lenses, and amblyopia management with occlusion therapyand/or pharmacologic and/or optical penalization of the sound eye.Refractive surgery is a reasonable alternative to consider.Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK) have both been well received by adults with refractive errors.Refractive procedures that may have utility in children include PRK,LASIK, laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK), and possibly others like phakic IOLs, clear lens extraction and ICRs.