The aim of this essay is to review the recent literature related to orthokeratology as regards the efficacy, indications, advantages, disadvantages and complications. Orthokeratology is a non surgical process which reshapes the cornea by the programmed application of contact lenses to reduce the refractive errors of low to moderate myopia and low degrees of certain types of astigmatism at any age. It has many advantages, it provides good vision without spectacles or contact lenses for most of the day, it is reversible and temporary, it is non invasive, thus it provides an alternative option to refractive surgery for many patients. However, it is time consuming and can involve several lens changes and many visits. Complications may also occur like corneal ulcers and other related lens problems.