Retinopathy of prematurity is a disease that affects low birth weight infants. It a mild disease and undergoes spontaneous regression in most cases. However in some cases the disease is severe and may lead to complete blindness. Many risk factors have been claimed in its development, the most important being the very low birth weight. Screening of cases of retinopathy of prematurity is done by examining the low birth weight infants at 4-6 weeks that follow-up examination is done every 2 weeks. Prophylactic measures including vitamin E therapy and D-Penicllamine can be tried. Treatment modalities of retinopathy of prematurity include peripheral retinal ablation using cryotherapy or laser treatment which can be done using argon or diode lasers. Other treatment modalities include scleral buckling buckling procedure and vitrectomy.