End-stage kidney disease is a chronic condition associated with a high prevalence of nutritional deficiency, there is a linear correlation between body mass index (BMI) and survival in dialysis patients, to the extent that the usual association of increased mortality with obesity is reversed in patients on renal replacement therapy, Malnutrition in chronic kidney disease CKD is multifactorial. Reduced protein and energy intake play an important role in malnutrition. Patients with renal failure experience a complex anorexic syndrome that is evident early in the course of the disease, before the intiation of dialysis, Adiponectin is exclusively secreted from adipose tissue into the blood stream and is very abundant in plasma relative to many hormones. Levels of the hormone are inversely correlated with body fat percentage in adults, The hormone plays a role in the suppression of the metabolic derangements that may result in type 2 diabetes , obesity and atherosclerosis , non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and an independent risk factor for metabolic syndrome.The aim of this study is to investigate the plasma concentration of total adiponectin in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients on regular hemodialysis, and post renal transplantation.In this study we concluded that there is significant diference between nutrional stauts of hemodialysis patients and post renal transplant patients and also the adiponectin level was higher in patients on regular hemodialyss than the kidney transplant group where also Adiponectin is negatively related to albumin and Body mass index in dialysis group and also negatively related to Body mass index in transplant group and control group but there was no relation between adiponectin and other nutritional parameters in this study.