Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is amongthe most common psychiatric disorders of childhood that interferes withsocial and educational development. Objectives: determine theprevalence of ADHD, and risk factors in primary school children andassess teacher’s knowledge on regard to ADHD. Subjects and Methods:A combination of an interventional and cross sectional study was done infive primary schools in AzZawia-Libya. Knowledge of teachers wasassessed. Teachers detected children possibly having ADHD using thevalidated Arabic version of DSM-IV (ADHD rating scale). ADHD cases(84) were compared with (307) normal group matched by age and sex.Results: Knowledge of the teachers about ADHD term was poor as55.6% of the studied teachers do not know or even hear about ADHD, themost common source of knowledge was internet about (37.5%). Theirknowledge about the nature, etiology and the course of ADHD was alsopoor, as more than four fifth of the studied teachers believe that ADHD isa spiritual disorder, and don’t know about the etiology and course.Improvement of teacher’s knowledge and beliefs about nature, course andsymptoms after the intervention program, Results suggest the efficacy ofa brief psycho-educational intervention program for increasing teacherawareness and knowledge about ADHD. A total of 84 (21.5%) ofschoolchildren screened as ADHD cases, combined type of ADHD wassignificantly higher followed by Hyperactivity types. male students werefound to be significantly more affected by ADHD than females; Male tofemale ratio is about 4:1, approximately (39.3%) of ADHD suspectedcases was more identified in children within the age group from 8-10years old, and about (32.7%)of the students that live with one parentreported to have ADHD, also preterm delivered children reportedsignificantly higher level of ADHD cases (77.8%) compared to termones. Conclusion: ADHD in school children is prevalent, and hasvariable subtypes, more among boys, of prevalence similar to somestudies. ADHD early detection and Teacher’s knowledge should receivecareful attention.