Toxoplasma gondii is an important apicomplexan parasite in humanthat if contracted during pregnancy places the developing fetus at risk ofcongenital infection and can lead to fetal wastage or congenitalmalformation. The main objective of this work was to assess thediagnostic value of serology and molecular DNA amplification of B1gene by PCR to detect recent Toxoplasma infections in both pregnantmothers and newborn babies. A total of 90 females and their respectivefetuses and neonates; of whom 57 females with complicated obstetrichistory and 33 females with normal full term pregnancy; were included inthe present study. Serum samples from pregnant women at delivery werescreened for Toxoplasma-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) using MEIAassay, and IgM and IgA using ELISA assay. Also placental testing forToxoplasma by PCR or histopathological examination was done. Theearly neonatal diagnostic procedures included cord and peripheral bloodserological testing for anti-Toxoplasma IgA and IgM-ELISA antibodies,and neonatal blood molecular PCR testing for Toxoplasma nucleic acids.Out of the 90 cases tested; 24.5%, 7.8% and 6.7% were specific IgG, IgMand IgA antibodies seropositive respectively. PCR placental examinationwas positive for 29.9% of the females with complicated obstetric historyand 3.0% of the females with normal full term pregnancy. Toxoplasmaparasites were not detected in any of the examined placentae sections. ByELISA, cord blood serology detected IgM and IgA in 8.2% and 12.3% ofthe samples respectively, and neonatal blood serology detected 7.5% and11.3% positive specific IgM and IgA respectively. On the basis ofamplification of a gene sequence specific for T. gondii, 27.0% conceptionproducts of aborted and intrauterine dead fetuses and 15.1% bloodsamples of newborns were positive for Toxoplasma nucleic acid. Inconclusion, there is no single test that can be used alone for the definediagnosis of acute Toxoplasma infection during pregnancy or in earlyneonates and the study demonstrates the possibility of defining andselecting the high-risk cases by combining T. gondii polymerase chainreaction and serological techniques to formulate a specific approach sothat each one of the two tests can fulfill the gap of the other test.