The liver has a large regenerative capacity. However, in severecases of liver injury, its regenerative capacity may progress to liverfailure, and in such situations liver transplantation is the only treatmentoption. However, liver transplantation faces many problems, includingrelative lack of donors, operative complications, and high costs. Thusthere is an urgent need to search for alternatives to liver transplantation.Stem cell transplantation is currently one of the most promising methodsto achieve this aim. This review studies the role of stem celltransplantation in pediatric liver diseases.