Post-stroke dementia includes all dementias occurring after stroke irrespective of their cause, it also includes dementia associated with not only ischemic cerebro-vascular stroke, but also with hemorrhagic and hypoxic ischemic cerebral lesions.Early diagnosis of vascular dementia is very important because it may be the only preventable form of dementias of the late life.The identification of predictors and significant risk factors of vascular dementia is so important as it could provide an avenue for targeted therapeutic intervention to prevent cognitive deterioration.We found that certain demographic factors were prevalent in vascular dementia more than other types of dementias. Age is an unavoidable risk factor for vascular dementia and it was reported that vascular dementia is age related. Men were found to be at higher risk of vascular dementia than women. Of an important value, education was found to be a significant protection against vascular dementia. Hypertension was present slightly more in demented cases than controls group. Vascular dementia is preventable by control of blood pressure. Smoking, also, is found to be a significant atherogenic risk factor. Control of hypertension or cessation of smoking restore cerebral perfusion toward normal. If both risk factors coexist and both are controlled, greater cognitive benefits and protection against further stroke and post-stroke dementia may be expected. Diabetes was; also, a significant predictor for the development of vascular dementia in non-demented elderly patients. Patients with ischemic heart disease tend to be more cognitively impaired than those with non-ischemic disease. Hyperlipidemia was present slightly more in demented cases than controls groups; and lowering of the total serum lipids level may improve cognitive performance.In conclusion, the only major cause of dementia that is preventable is post-stroke dementia. Education seems to be an important protective factor against vascular dementia. It appears that, modifiable cardiovascular risk factors may identify persons at risk for vascular dementia. Treatment of these factors and efforts aimed at prevention of stroke will lead to prevention and reduction of dementia associated with stroke.