Objective: The study aimed at evaluating the measurement of serum levels and tissue staining for CgA in cancer prostate patients to assess their clinical value and to help predicting prognosis in such patients as well as to compare between serum CgA and PSA as useful markers for prostatic carcinoma.Material and Methods: Two groups were included in the study recruiting 60 patients: the first group comprised thirty subjects with pathologically proved prostatic carcinoma and the second group consisted of thirty subjects with benign prostatic hyperplasia. All patients were subjected to measurement of serum urea and creatinine, total and free PSA as well as CgA, along with histopathologic examination and immunohistochemical staining for CgA of 10 prostate core biopsies obtained by trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS).Results: No statistical significance existed between serum CgA in both groups -that was elevated in 40% of the carcinoma group and 30% of the BPH group- as well as between serum CgA and PSA(T) in each group. Statistical significance was reported only for PSA(T) between the two groups and between serum CgA and F/T ratio in the BPH group. Statistical significance was found to exist between the carcinoma and the BPH groups as regarding the frequency of tissue CgA positivity, which was 60% positive for the carcinoma group and 30% positive for the group. One patient in the carcinoma group had a normal PSA(T) (3.1 ng/ml) with a high serum CgA (191.87 ng/ml) and a positivity for tissue CgA. With respect to histologic grade, no correlation existed between serum and tissue CgA and Gleason score of the disease. Four out of the 12 cancer patients with high serum CgA exhibited negative results for tissue CgA including the only patient with the known stage D2 disease. Conclusions: Our clinical observations do not confirm the held belief that plasma/serum markers of neuroendocrine differentiation -in which chromogranin A appears to be the most widely studied and useful marker- may be useful diagnostically and prognostically. Nevertheless, neuroendocrine markers may have an importance regarding the advanced, particularly hormone-resistant tumors, in which prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels may be low or normal.