Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic mental disorder affecting about 1% percent of the general population worldwide. Evidence has accumulated that chronic stress has significant effects on both brain structure and function and there is considerable evidence that a range of social and psychological stressors are associated with schizophrenia. There is strong evidence that HPA axis dysfunction play a significant role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia disorder. Several studies have investigated cortisol/DHEA(S) ratios in schizophrenia patients, although their findings are not necessarily consistent, some studies have shown that cortisol/DHEA(S) ratio could be a sensitive marker for HPA axis dysfunction that distinguishes schizophrenic patients from healthy subjects.