Thoracolumbar burst fractures are major cause of disability. Up to 50% of burst fractures cause neurologic impairment. Reduction and posterior instrumentation is the most common surgical treatment. The ability of posterior distraction instrumentation to produce indirect reduction of retropulsed bone fragments was studied in 50 patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures. Spinal canal stenosis was reduced from a preoperative mean of 53% to 25.8% postoperatively. This study demonstrated that posterior distraction instrumentation can achieve approximately 55% reduction in canal stenosis. The mechanism of fracture reduction appears to be a combination of distraction ligamentotaxis and recreation of lordosis. Evaluation was done by clinical and functional assessment as residual back pain, neurological improvement, return to the original work and return to normal activities and Radiological assessment. It was found that ligamentotaxis of burst fractures of thoracolumbar spine is a good and safe method of treatment without serious complications.