Diffuse axonal injury is the term used to describe prolonged post traumatic coma that is not due to mass lesion or ischemic insults. There is loss of consciousness from the time of injury that continues beyond 6 hours, this phenomenon may further be taken down into mild, moderate or severe categories.DAI is a significant medical problem because of the high level of debilitation of the patient, the stress that the patient's family must endure when the patient is in a persistent vegetative state, and the staggering medical cost of sustaining an individual in this state. DAI typically consists of several focal white matter- 1-15 mm lesions in a characteristic distribution.The brain attempts to repair itself after a trauma, and is more successful after mild to moderate injury than after severe injury. Scientists have shown that after diffuse axonal injury neurons can spontaneously adapt and recover by sprouting some of the remaining healthy fibers of the neuron into the spaces once occupied by the degenerated axon.