The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein Alpha (C/EBPA) is a myeloid specific transcription factor that regulates the balance between cell proliferation and differentiation in haematopoietic and non-hematopoietic tissues. C/EBPA plays a major role during the commitment of hematopoietic stem cells towards granulocytic and monocytic differentiation. Impairments in C/EBPA signalling such as reduced mRNA and protein expression are often observed in human myeloid leukemias which may subsequently contribute to leukaemic transformation (Trivedi et al, 2007). In the last few years, various mechanisms have been suggested through which C/EBPA is negatively regulated in certain AML FAB subtypes. Objective : Studying the heterogeneity of CEBPA m-RNA expression among different FAB subtypes of newly diagnosed AML patients, as a first step in unraveling the impact of newly discovered genetic abnormalities on the pathophysiology of AML. Fourty nine AML patients were enrolled in the study, 19(38.8%) males, 30(61.2%) females and mean age 32 years (range 2–77). Controls included 20 healthy subjects, 11(55%) males and 9(45%) females with mean age 33 years (range 16–59). The diagnosis of AML was established according to morphology and immunophenotyping (FAB classification). The quantitative assessment of C/EBPA gene expression in AML patients at diagnosis and healthy subjects was performed using RT-PCR. CEBPA expression levels among the Healthy population and AML patients had an average expression of (1.41±1.14 & 0.52±1.13 respectively, p=0.001). The majority of our study population (40/49) had Low CEBPA expression levels (range 0.001-0.547). Few (6/49) cases showed Intermediate expression levels (range 0.812-1.866) while only 3 cases showed High expression level (range 2.828-5.278). Clinically, Low expression subgroup had poor survival rates while Intermediate and High subgroups had better outcome. Using real-time PCR we were capable of defining three prognostic subgroups, that is, high, intermediate and low CEBPA mRNA expressing patients. Accordingly, CEBPA expression analysis should be carried out on a larger cohort prior to treatment to predict AML patient’s outcome.