Dry eye is the most frequent disorder in ophthalmology. Despite this fact, it was worldwide under diagnosed.It may be due to either decreased tear secretion or increased tear evaporation, i.e. instability of the tear film.Clinical tests to diagnose dry eye include Schirmer test, breakup time, rose Bengal staining test, lid parallel conjunctival fold and others. Laboratory tests include measurement of tear lysozyme & lactoferrin, conjunctival impression cytology and others.Management of dry eye includes medical treatment by topical preparations as tear substitutes and others and systemic medications.Punctal occlusion by various methods is another line of tretment. Surgical treatment may be done by tarsorrhaphy, punctal patch technique, amniotic membrane transplantation, stem cell transplantation, conjunctival resection, submandibular gland transfer and other.