Background: The temporal lobe plays a vital role in epilepsy and itis the most frequent lobe involved in focal onset seizures. Depending onthe specific syndrome and its associated underlying characteristics, theimpact of “temporal lobe epilepsy” on brain structure and function can bewidespread, impacting brain and cognitive development. Specificbiomarkers that predict development of cognitive deficits have not beenidentified. Some recent studies had suggested that Hsp70 may be usefulbiomarkers for central nervous system damage in adults. However, onlyfew papers studied the relationship between Hsp70 as a stress biomarkerin epilepsy and its relation to cognitive function in those patients.Objectives: The objectives of this study are to assess Hsp70 as abiomarker of stress in TLE and to evaluate its relation to cognitivefunction in those patients.Methods: The Stanford-Binet intelligence test was carried out toexamine the cognitive function in 30 children with TLE and 30 controls.Serum levels of Hsp70 were determined with an enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay.Results: Our results revealed higher levels of Hsp70 among childrenwith TLE compared with controls .There were significant negativecorrelations between this biomarker and short term memory andcomposite IQ scores and significant positive correlation with frequencyof seizures.