This study was performed to evaluate the risk factors for atherosclerosis in SLE patients and to correlate atherosclerosis as detected by Doppler ultrasonography with disease activity in SLE patients. This study involved 50 adult female SLE patients with a mean age of 26.24 ± 8.63 and with mean disease duration of 3.44 ± 4.01 year in addition to 25 healthy adult females as control group. All patients were subjected to full history taking, full detailed clinical examination, laboratory assessment, assessment of disease activity according to SLEDAI score and B mode ultrasound to measure carotid plaque and intimia media wall thickness.