Parenteral Nutrition is intravenous infusion of all nutrients (macronutrients ormicronutrients) necessary for metabolic requirements and growth of neonates when theirsize or clinical condition precludes enteral feeding. Study design: The study was designedto cover the literature discussing the standard requirements of all components of nutritionneeded by the neonate whether fluids, macronutrients (proteins, lipids and carbohydrates)or micronutrients (electrolytes, trace minerals and vitamins) and how to adjust thesenutrients proportions according to the neonatal clinical condition. The study aimed atshedding a light on complication faced during use of Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)and ways of management. We also aimed at reviewing the availability of the use of TPNin Egypt, the current obstacles to its use and how to best overcome these obstacles.Results: Parenteral nutrition solutions although still evolving, have improvedconsiderably since early days and complications are now less common especially withmeticulous attention to asepsis, good nursing care, and close biochemical monitoring, allare essential for successful parenteral nutrition therapy. Also the current status of the useof TPN in Egypt still needs a lot of development in different fields as regard toavailability of TPN service centers, nursing care and awareness of the medical staff to theimportance of its use. Conclusion: The ability to provide parenteral nutrition and totalparenteral nutrition over the past four decades has significantly improved the overallsurvival of newborns, when other options of adequate nutrition support are not possible.Also it showed the importance of increasing the awareness to the use of TPN in Egyptunder scientific basis.