The study aimed to give incidence of the most common esophagealLesions of all archival biopsies received Faculty of Medicine, CairoUniversity and Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt during fiveYears (2004-2008) esophageal specimens obtained). GERD was diagnosed in 54.7% of all esophageal specimens in this study. Barrett's esophagus was diagnosed in 17.6% of all esophageal specimens included in this study.Benign tumors and tumor-like lesions of the esophagus represented3.8% of cases. Malignant esophageal tumors represented 18.6% of all esophageal specimens. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest malignant esophageal tumor representing 10.5% of all esophageal specimens.