Nephrotic syndrome is a common disease in children , characterized by the tetrad of: oedema,proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia.The role of renal biopsy is not only as a diagnostic tool in nephrotic syndrome but also as a tool that can be utilized in determining the treatment protocol to be followed,by studying 76 children retrospectively , 45 males and 31 females, all treated in the Abu El Reish Children’s hospital , and had undergone a renal biopsy during the two years 2008 and 2009.A male predominance was found and FSGS(Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis) was more common than MesPGN mesangial proliferative glomeronephritis, with males presenting predominantly with MesPGN and females presenting with FSGS.