Phacoemulsification is the use of ultrasonographically driven needle to fragment the nucleus and aspirate the lens substance through a needle port. Nuclear removals techniques are by crater divide and conquer, trench divides and conquer, multidirectional divide and conquer or by phaco chop. The most drastic complication of phacoemulsification is endophthalmitis. Staphylococcus is the most common cause of postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis. Sources may be patients’ bacterial flora, contaminated preoperative medications, contaminated solutions, contaminated intra ocular lens or operative measures. Diabetes mellitus, complicated surgery, wound complications, excessive manipulations; certain types of intraocular lens (IOL) carry risk factors. Endophthalmitis may be of acute, delayed acute or chronic onset and the prevention is by proper preoperative assessment, complete aseptic preparation of the operative field, operative measures and choice of IOLs e.g. polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)and treatment is by intravitreal , subconjunctival, systemic and topical antibiotics. Aspergillus,candida ,cephalosporins and penicillum are the commonest causative organisms of fungal endophthalmitis. endophthalmitis is by either medical e.g. Amphotericin B or by vitrectomy if there is vitreous involvement. Management of fungal