This study is a retrospective study carried on 170 fullterm and preterm neonates who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the Children Hospital, Cairo University over a period of six months from February to July 2008.The aim of this study was to evaluate the most prevalent indications of blood and blood product transfusion in the neonatal intensive care unit, the frequencies of transfusion and the impact on morbidity and mortality.In this study, patients receiving blood product transfusion a counted for detailed medical history including gestational age, sex, birth weight, postnatal age, mode of delivery, cause of admission, duration of hospital stay, outcome and full laboratory investigation (CBC, CRP, chemistry, coagulation Profile). In this study, there were no statistical significance as regard sex, mode of delivery, causes of admission and blood transfusion.In this study there were statistical significance as regard gestational age, birth weight with blood transfusion.There were no statistical significance between single or multiple transfusion and outcome in the studied group at NICU.