Stem cells are non-specialized cells that have the capacity to self-renew and to differentiate into many different cell types when subjected to the right biochemical signals. MSC were separated from bone marrow aspirate of the chronic renal failure patients using their property of plastic adhesion and then injected into both renal arteries of the same patients. Follow-up of the patients showed improvement in renal functions including urea and creatinine and there is significant improvement in GFR. Stem cells are a promising new therapeutic approach to treat chronic renal failure