This study aimed at statistical analysis of the cases of thyroid gland lesions during the period from Jan. 2010 to Dec. 2011, collected from the pathology department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University for evaluation of the prevalence of each lesion in the studied cases. The study was carried out on 386 cases of thyroid gland lesions. The mean age of patients was 38.6 years. Female to male ratio was of 4.4: 1. Neoplastic lesions represented 33.2 % of lesions. The most common non neoplastic thyroid lesion was multinodular goiter (MNG) representing 72.1 % of them with mean age 40.6 years and F: M ratio of 7.1: 1. The most common neoplastic thyroid lesion was follicular adenoma (71.9 % of them) with mean age 36.7 years and F: M ratio of 5.6: 1. The most common thyroid malignant tumour was papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) representing 88.2% of them with mean age 40.2 years and F: M ratio of 3.3: 1. The study showed that 25 % of thyroid tumours were associated with non neoplastic thyroid lesions. MNG was the most common non neoplastic lesion that accompanied PTC as 40% of PTCs were associated with MNG.