Postmenopausal osteoporosis can be diagnosed by DXA( dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) or other measures as quantitative computed tomography and ultrasonography.There are various measures of prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis:1-Nonpharmacological Measures: as adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, and adequate exercise specially during puberty.2-Pharmacological Measures: as HRT (hormone replacement therapy), Bisphopsphonates, SERMs (Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators), Calcitonin, Tibolone and Parathyroid Hormone.