Asthma is increasing in prevalence worldwide as a result of factors associated with a western life style. Despite advances in understanding the inflammatory and immunologic components of asthma, there is relatively little understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the structural changes seen in asthmatic lung (airway remodelling) in children. The present study aims to identify causes, contributing factors, mechanisms, mediators, and effect of anti-asthma treatment on airway remodelling.