Vitamin D has been shown to exert manifold immunomodulatory effects. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is regarded to be immune-mediated and vitamin D prevents the development of diabetes in the NOD mouse. The effect of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms on susceptibility to type 1 diabetes has recently been investigated extensively. Several findings on positive disease associations have been observed. To examine the association of VDR polymorphisms and susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus in Egyptian population a study of 45 individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 15 control subjects was done. VDR genotyping was performed using PCR followed by digestion with FokI, BsmI, ApaI and TaqI restriction enzymes. Data were analyzed using X2 - test. A significant difference in VDR BsmI Bb genotype frequencies between cases (60%) and controls (33%) (P< 0.05) was found. FokI, ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms showed no statistical significant differences between cases and controls (P>0.05). Conclusion: The findings of the study suggest that the vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism of Bb genotype may influence genetic susceptibility to T1DM among the Egyptians.