In our study, 77 subjects were included and were composed of two groups: Group 1 included 40 patients with chronic HCV infection and subdivided into two groups: (Group A); patients with HCV and diabetes mellitus (n=20) and control group (Group Ac); patients with HCV without diabetes (n=20). Group 2 included 37 patients with chronic HBV infection and subdivided into two groups: (Group B); patients with HBV and diabetes mellitus (n=20) and control group (Group Bc); patients with HBV without diabetes (n=17). Our study was assessment of the serum level of islet cell antibody in patients with chronic hepatitis C or chronic hepatitis B with recent onset of diabetes. Our results were statistically significance higher levels of ICA in diabetic patients with hepatitis C than non diabetic HCV infected patients and also ICA was significantly higher in HBV positive patients with diabetes as compared to non diabetic hepatitis B patients. We conclude that the percent of ICA in hepatitis C infected patients with diabetes (30%) is higher than the worldwide percent of the prevalence of ICA in non–insulin-requiring diabetic patients (10-20%) and this may suggest a role of HCV in the development of diabetes by autoimmune reaction.