Maternal- or pregnancy-associated disease states appear to influence BP in the early neonatal period. Diabetes and altered placental perfusion were associated with higher BP readings. (Kent Al et al, 2009)Placental vascular changes associated with maternal disease states may affect fetal vascular development. There is evidence suggesting that being born prematurely is associated with a higher blood pressure (BP) in later life. (Kent AL and Meskell S et al, 2009).A study of one hundred and fourty-five placentae was done to find out the morbid and histological changes of placentae of hypertensive mothers and diabetic mothers in comparison to those of mothers with uncomplicated pregnancies. As placenta is the mirror of maternal and foetal status, it reflects the changes due to maternal hypertension or diabetes.This study was carried out on fifty mothers with uncomplicated pregnancy and fourty-five mothers with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and fourty-two mothers with gestational diabetes and eight mothers with combined hypertension and diabetes.It was found that mothers with moderate to severe PIH had smaller, irregular placentae with marginal insertion of umbilical cord with deviation in respect of foci of calcification, infarction and histological features of vascular insufficiency like thrombosis, infarction etc. Histological findings like cytotrophoblastic cellular proliferation, syncytial knot formation, fibrin plaque formation etc. were present in greater amount in hypertensive placentae. The changes in the placentae may be the cause / effect or both of hypertension in pregnancy of mothers who were normotensive.Our study is a prospective cohort review. To observe vascular changes, placentae were collected just after delivery. Macroscopic findings of the study was that there was a trend of increase weight, volume and number of cotyledons in overt diabetes group, where as the in the hypertensive diabetes group was the opposite. The placental diameter was non-significantly larger in the overt diabetes group than in the control group, but a smaller than control value was found in the hypertensive diabetes group. Although neonatal weight did not show any significant change in either group, but in overt diabetes group, it showed a significant positive correlation with placental weight.Conclusion: Maternal- or pregnancy-associated disease states appear to influence BP in the early neonatal period. Diabetes and altered placental perfusion were associated with higher BP readings.