Background and aim: Members of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family have been shown to play important roles in inflammatory responses. TLR recognizes distinct pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) on the cell surface. It may contribute to susceptibility to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), we studied the effects of TLR2 -16934 A/T gene variant on the susceptibility for SBP in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. Methods: A total of 60 patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites (30 patients with and 30 patients without SBP) were genotyped for TLR2 -16934 A/T gene variant by hybridization probeassayson Light Cycler system. Frequency and allelic distribution of AT alleles were determined.Results: The genotype frequencies were 36.7% TT, 40% TA and 23.3% AA in ascitic patients complicated with SBP and 20% TT, 40% TA and 40% AA in patients without SBP. When compared to results of normal controls there was no statistical significant difference (p=0.125). While the allele frequency of T was 40% (24/60), A was 60% (36/60) in patients complicated with SBP and T 56.6% (34/60) and A 43.3% (26/30) in patients without SBP. When compared to results of normal controls there was no statistical significant difference (p=0.268).Conclusion: Our study revealed that TLR2 -16934 gene polymorphism couldn’t be identified as a potential significant predictor of SBP in cirrhotic patients with ascites.