Beta
38191

Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists in anesthetic practice

Thesis

Last updated: 06 Feb 2023

Subjects

-

Tags

Anaesthesiology

Advisors

Manssour, Amr Z. , Yousuf, Muhammad F. , Abdu, Samar A.

Authors

Muhammad, Amani Gaber

Accessioned

2017-04-26 12:05:35

Available

2017-04-26 12:05:35

type

M.Sc. Thesis

Abstract

In 1948, the alpha class of adrenoreceptors was differentiated from beta receptors by Ahlquist and while these receptors were known to be located in the peripheral vasculature in 1969 a subclass of alpha receptors was found to act presynaptically in the medulla to inhibit the release of norepinephrine . Thus two types of alpha receptors, alpha–1 and alpha–2 were delineated. Pharmacologically, these receptors were originally differentiated by their response to two alpha receptor antagonists, prazosin and yohimbine. Alpha-2 receptors located within the central nervous system inhibit norepinephrine release leading to sedation, reduction of tonic levels of sympathetic outflow and catecholamines and augmentation of cardiac–vagal activity. In addition, alpha-2 receptors within the spinal cord modulate pain pathways, thereby providing some degree of analgesia. Alpha-2 agonists have been successfully used in the prevention of stress response associated with laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation, in the prevention and treatment of signs of withdrawal from alcohol, opioids and other drugs. In addition, alpha-2 agonists were found to decrease the incidence of postoperative shivering, postoperative nausea and vomiting and postoperative agitation and confusion both in children and adults improving efficiency and productivity of outpatient anesthesia.

Issued

1 Jan 2007

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.21473/iknito-space/32135

Details

Type

Thesis

Created At

28 Jan 2023