Otolaryngological procedures are one of the most commonly performed paediatric procedures in hospitals throughout the world. Even though most of these procedures are day-case operations, they continue to be one of the most challenging procedures for the anaesthesiologist. The main reasons for this challenge are that the airway is often included in the operative site (shared airway with the surgeon), and many patients present with pre-existing airway problems. Successful management of these patients starts with a careful understanding of the anatomical, physiological and psychological differences between paediatric and adult populations and expecting the possible perioperative complications of these procedures. Anaesthetic management of this age population will be discussed together with special considerations regarding different surgical procedures and some congenital anomalies