The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of provisional cements and their removal methods on shear bond strength of resin cements. Materials and methods: The mesial and distal surfaces of 45 freshly extracted human molars (N=90) were flattened to expose sound dentin. The resultant samples were randomly divided into three main groups (n = 30 per group) according to the provisional cement used: group I: Eugenol containing ; group II: Eugenol free ; group III: resin based provisional cement. After seven days storage in distilled water samples were subdivided to three subgroups according to cleansing technique: subgroup H:hand instrument; subgroup R:rotary bur; subgroup D:17% EDTA. Composite discs were cemented to the cleaned dentin surface with total etch resin cement (Aureocem DC) and self-adhesive resin cement (RelyxU200)and then stored in distilled water for 24 h till shear bond strength testing. Selected samples from groups and subgroups were examined by Scanning Electron microscope (SEM).Data (Mpa) were analyzed using one way ANOVA and pair wise tukey's post-hoc test(P<0.05). Results: There were no significant difference between different types of provisional cements nor their removal techniques, Total etch resin cement had significantly higher shear bond strength values than self-adhesive resin cement. Conclusion: Any provisional cement and cleansing technique used in this study can be used with total etch resin cement.